<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">usfd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasound &amp; Functional Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0771-351</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">usfd-351</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Ультразвуковая диагностика в акушерстве и гинекологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ультразвуковая диагностика усиленной васкуляризации миометрия после прерывания беременности: обзор литературы и разбор клинического наблюдения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasound of enhanced myometrial vascularity after termination of pregnancy: A literature review with a clinical case analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-768X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макухина</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makukhina</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макухина Татьяна Борисовна – доктор мед. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии № 2 ФГБОУ ВО “Кубанский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России, Краснодарhttps://orcid.org/<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0536-4500" ext-link-type="uri">0000-0003-0536-4500</ext-link>E-mail: soltatiana@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana B. Makukhina – MD, Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology № 2, Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodarhttps://orcid.org/<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0536-4500" ext-link-type="uri">0000-0003-0536-4500</ext-link>E-mail: soltatiana@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">soltatiana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0536-4500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буланов</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulanov</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буланов Михаил Николаевич – доктор мед. наук, заведующий отделением ультразвуковой диагностики ГБУЗ ВО “Областная клиническая больница”, Владимир; профессор кафедры внутренних болезней Института медицинского образования ФГБОУ ВО “Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого”, Великий Новгород<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-768X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-768X</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail N. Bulanov – MD, Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Head of Ultrasound Diagnostics Department, Regional Clinical Hospital, Vladimir; Professor, Division of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Education, Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Veliky Novgorod<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-768X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-768X</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctorbulanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО “Кубанский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Владимирской области “Областная клиническая больница”;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВПО “Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава&#13;
Мудрого”</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital; &#13;
Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макухина Т.Б., Буланов М.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макухина Т.Б., Буланов М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makukhina T.B., Bulanov M.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://usfd.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/351">https://usfd.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/351</self-uri><abstract><p>Внедрение допплерографии в клиническую практику позволило наблюдать изменения сосудистой сети матки после завершения беременности. Феномен усиленной васкуляризации миометрия (УВМ) указывает на замедленное восстановление параметров кровотока, часто ассоциирован с задержкой продуктов зачатия в полости матки (retained products of conception – RPOC), но имеет сходные акустические характеристики с артериовенозной мальформацией матки.</p><p>Актуальна дифференциальная диагностика сосудистых аномалий с RPOC, поскольку, с одной стороны, это может вести к избыточному лечению, с другой стороны – к ятрогенному профузному кровотечению в случае попытки хирургической эвакуации содержимого полости матки при нераспознанной сосудистой аномалии.</p><p>Хотя ангиография является “золотым стандартом” диагностики, многие специалисты в последние два десятилетия для выявления УВМ предпочитают допплерографию ввиду неинвазивности и полезности для определения тактики лечения, включая необходимость применения эмболизации маточных артерий. К настоящему времени дифференциальная диагностика физиологических и патологических особенностей миометрального кровотока не разработана, не выделены маркеры, указывающие на вероятность спонтанного регресса либо персистенции УВМ с риском профузного кровотечения. Клиническое значение феномена УВМ у асимптомных пациенток также неясно.</p><p>Картирование зоны сосудистой аномалии с использованием допплерографии позволяет четко определить распространенность процесса и предупредить осложнения при выборе оптимального метода хирургического вмешательства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The introduction of Doppler ultrasound into clinical practice has enabled the observation of changes in the uterine vasculature after termination of pregnancy. The phenomenon of enhanced myometrial vascularity (EMV) indicates delayed recovery of blood flow parameters and is often associated with retained products of conception (RPOC) in the uterine cavity. However, it shows similar ultrasound features with uterine arteriovenous malformations.</p><p>Differential diagnosis of uterine vascular malformations (UVM) from RPOC is important, as this can lead to overtreatment and, on the one hand, to iatrogenic profuse bleeding in the event of an attempted surgical evacuation of the uterine contents when the vascular anomaly is unrecognized. Although angiography is the gold standard for diagnosis, many specialists have favored Doppler ultrasound for detecting UVMs over the past two decades due to its noninvasive nature and usefulness in determining treatment strategies, including the need for uterine artery embolization. To date, differential diagnostics for the physiological and pathological characteristics of myometrial blood flow have not been developed, and signs indicating the likelihood of spontaneous regression or persistence of UVMs with the risk of profuse bleeding have not been established. The clinical significance of UVMs in asymptomatic patients is also unclear.</p><p>Mapping the vascular abnormality area using Doppler ultrasound allows for a clear determination of the extent of the process and the prevention of complications when choosing the optimal surgical method.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>допплерография</kwd><kwd>усиленная васкуляризация миометрия</kwd><kwd>артериовенозная мальформация</kwd><kwd>задержка продуктов зачатия в полости матки</kwd><kwd>эмболизация маточных артерий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Doppler ultrasonography</kwd><kwd>enchanced myometrial vascularization</kwd><kwd>arteriovenous malformation</kwd><kwd>retention of products of conception in the uterine cavity</kwd><kwd>uterine artery embolization</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">нет</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cresswell J.A., Alexander M., Chong M.Y.C. et al. Global and regional causes of maternal deaths 2009-20: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob. Health. 2025; 13 (4): e626–e634. http://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00560-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cresswell J.A., Alexander M., Chong M.Y.C. et al. Global and regional causes of maternal deaths 2009-20: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob. Health. 2025; 13 (4): e626–e634. http://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00560-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirsch A., Strachowski L., Poder L. et al. Secondary Postpregnancy Hemorrhage: Guide for Diagnosis and Management. Radiographics. 2025; 45 (5): e240098. http://doi.org/10.1148/rg.240098</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirsch A., Strachowski L., Poder L. et al. Secondary Postpregnancy Hemorrhage: Guide for Diagnosis and Management. Radiographics. 2025; 45 (5): e240098. http://doi.org/10.1148/rg.240098</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voloshchuk I.N., Barinova I.V., Chechneva M.A., Mar’yanova T.A. Uterine vascular abnormalities. Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology. 2022; 84 (1): 39–44. http://doi.org/10.17116/patol20228401139 (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voloshchuk I.N., Barinova I.V., Chechneva M.A., Mar’yanova T.A. Uterine vascular abnormalities. Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology. 2022; 84 (1): 39–44. http://doi.org/10.17116/patol20228401139 (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thakur M., Strug M.R., De Paredes J.G. et al. Ultrasonographic technique to differentiate enhanced myometrial vascularity/arteriovenous malformation from retained products of conception. J. Ultrasound. 2022; 25 (2): 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-021-00574-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thakur M., Strug M.R., De Paredes J.G. et al. Ultrasonographic technique to differentiate enhanced myometrial vascularity/arteriovenous malformation from retained products of conception. J. Ultrasound. 2022; 25 (2): 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-021-00574-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moradi B., Banihashemian M., Sadighi N. et al. Enhanced myometrial vascularity and AVM: A review on diagnosis and management. J. Clin. Ultrasound. 2023; 51 (6): 1051–1058. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.23495</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moradi B., Banihashemian M., Sadighi N. et al. Enhanced myometrial vascularity and AVM: A review on diagnosis and management. J. Clin. Ultrasound. 2023; 51 (6): 1051–1058. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.23495</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Algeri P., Spazzini M.D., Seca M. et al. About uterine enhanced myometrial vascularity: Doppler ultrasound could reduce misdiagnosed life-threatening vaginal bleeding after pregnancy and guide the management. J. Ultrasound. 2023; 26 (3): 695–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-022-00734-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Algeri P., Spazzini M.D., Seca M. et al. About uterine enhanced myometrial vascularity: Doppler ultrasound could reduce misdiagnosed life-threatening vaginal bleeding after pregnancy and guide the management. J. Ultrasound. 2023; 26 (3): 695–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-022-00734-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Leary M., Sanders A.P. Enhanced myometrial vascularitythe time has come for individualized treatment of focal uterine pathology. Fertil. Steril. 2021; 116 (3): 691–692 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.06.059</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Leary M., Sanders A.P. Enhanced myometrial vascularitythe time has come for individualized treatment of focal uterine pathology. Fertil. Steril. 2021; 116 (3): 691–692 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.06.059</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Youssef A.T. Uterine vascular abnormalities linked to pregnancy complications: color and power Doppler-assisted transvaginal ultrasound evaluation. J. Ultrason. 2024; 24 (96): 20240011. https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2024.0011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Youssef A.T. Uterine vascular abnormalities linked to pregnancy complications: color and power Doppler-assisted transvaginal ultrasound evaluation. J. Ultrason. 2024; 24 (96): 20240011. https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2024.0011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van den Bosch T., Van Schoubroeck D., Timmerman D. Maximum Peak Systolic Velocity and Management of Highly Vascularized Retained Products of Conception. J. Ultrasound. Med. 2015; 34 (9): 1577–1582. https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.15.14.10050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van den Bosch T., Van Schoubroeck D., Timmerman D. Maximum Peak Systolic Velocity and Management of Highly Vascularized Retained Products of Conception. J. Ultrasound. Med. 2015; 34 (9): 1577–1582. https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.15.14.10050</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timor-Tritsch I.E., Haynes M.C., Monteagudo A. et al. Ultrasound diagnosis and management of acquired uterine enhanced myometrial vascularity/arteriovenous malformations. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2016; 214 (6): 731.e1–731.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timor-Tritsch I.E., Haynes M.C., Monteagudo A. et al. Ultrasound diagnosis and management of acquired uterine enhanced myometrial vascularity/arteriovenous malformations. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2016; 214 (6): 731.e1–731.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Schoubroeck D., Van den Bosch T., Scharpe K. et al. Prospective evaluation of blood flow in the myometrium and uterine arteries in the puerperium. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2004; 23 (4): 378–381. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.963</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Schoubroeck D., Van den Bosch T., Scharpe K. et al. Prospective evaluation of blood flow in the myometrium and uterine arteries in the puerperium. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2004; 23 (4): 378–381. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.963</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dewilde K., Groszmann Y., Van Schoubroeck D. et al. Enhanced myometrial vascularity secondary to retained pregnancy tissue: time to stop misusing the term arteriovenous malformation. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2024; 63 (1): 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.27476</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dewilde K., Groszmann Y., Van Schoubroeck D. et al. Enhanced myometrial vascularity secondary to retained pregnancy tissue: time to stop misusing the term arteriovenous malformation. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2024; 63 (1): 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.27476</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cavoretto P., Cioffi R., Mangili G. et al. A pictorial ultrasound essay of gestational trophoblastic disease. J. Ultrasound Med. 2020; 39 (3): 597–613. https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.15119</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cavoretto P., Cioffi R., Mangili G. et al. A pictorial ultrasound essay of gestational trophoblastic disease. J. Ultrasound Med. 2020; 39 (3): 597–613. https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.15119</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goyal S., Goyal A., Mahajan S. et al. Acquired uterine arteriovenous malformation developing in retained products of conception: a diagnostic dilemma. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2014; 40 (1): 271–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.12139</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goyal S., Goyal A., Mahajan S. et al. Acquired uterine arteriovenous malformation developing in retained products of conception: a diagnostic dilemma. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2014; 40 (1): 271–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.12139</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hong W., Wang B.Y., Wu Z.P. et al. Systematic retrospective analysis of 13 cases of uterine arteriovenous fistula: Pathogeny, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2020; 46 (7): 1117–1127. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.14264</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hong W., Wang B.Y., Wu Z.P. et al. Systematic retrospective analysis of 13 cases of uterine arteriovenous fistula: Pathogeny, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2020; 46 (7): 1117–1127. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.14264</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bedaiwy M.A. Unconventional treatment of uterine arteriovenous malformation: the challenge of generating evidence for a rare condition. Fertil. Steril. 2021; 116 (4): 1117–1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.08.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bedaiwy M.A. Unconventional treatment of uterine arteriovenous malformation: the challenge of generating evidence for a rare condition. Fertil. Steril. 2021; 116 (4): 1117–1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.08.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ercolino C., Ferrazzi E., Ossola M.W. et al. A comprehensive diagnostic approach to differentiate intrauterine arteriovenous malformation in cases of enhanced myometrial vascularity. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2024; 310 (5): 2523–2529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-024-07754-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ercolino C., Ferrazzi E., Ossola M.W. et al. A comprehensive diagnostic approach to differentiate intrauterine arteriovenous malformation in cases of enhanced myometrial vascularity. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2024; 310 (5): 2523–2529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-024-07754-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gingold J.A., Bradley L.D. Use of hysteroscopy in diagnosis and follow-up of acquired uterine enhanced myometrial vascularity. Fertil. Steril. 2020; 113 (2): 460–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gingold J.A., Bradley L.D. Use of hysteroscopy in diagnosis and follow-up of acquired uterine enhanced myometrial vascularity. Fertil. Steril. 2020; 113 (2): 460–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsumoto M.M., Caridi T.M. Uterine Vascular Anomalies: Management and Treatment Overview. Semin. Interv. Radiol. 2023; 40 (4): 342–348. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1770714</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsumoto M.M., Caridi T.M. Uterine Vascular Anomalies: Management and Treatment Overview. Semin. Interv. Radiol. 2023; 40 (4): 342–348. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1770714</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao F., Ma X., Xu Y. et al. Management of Acquired Uterine Arteriovenous Malformations Associated with Retained Products of Conception. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2022; 33 (5): 547–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2022.01.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao F., Ma X., Xu Y. et al. Management of Acquired Uterine Arteriovenous Malformations Associated with Retained Products of Conception. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2022; 33 (5): 547–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2022.01.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sellmyer M.A., Desser T.S., Maturen K.E. et al. Physiologic, histologic, and imaging features of retained products of conception. Radiographics. 2013; 33 (3): 781–796. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.333125177</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sellmyer M.A., Desser T.S., Maturen K.E. et al. Physiologic, histologic, and imaging features of retained products of conception. Radiographics. 2013; 33 (3): 781–796. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.333125177</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rufener S.L., Adusumilli S., Weadock W.J., Caoili E. Sonography of uterine abnormalities in postpartum and Postabortion patients-a potential pitfall of interpretation. J. Ultrasound Med. 2008; 27 (3): 343–348. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2008.27.3.343</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rufener S.L., Adusumilli S., Weadock W.J., Caoili E. Sonography of uterine abnormalities in postpartum and Postabortion patients-a potential pitfall of interpretation. J. Ultrasound Med. 2008; 27 (3): 343–348. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2008.27.3.343</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xholli A., Scovazzi U., Londero A.P. et al. Clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of pregnancy-related enhanced myometrial vascularity: prospective cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2024; 63 (5):672–682. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.27537</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xholli A., Scovazzi U., Londero A.P. et al. Clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of pregnancy-related enhanced myometrial vascularity: prospective cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2024; 63 (5):672–682. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.27537</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shahulhameed M.S. Chern B.S.M., Wright A.M. Role of Hysteroscopy in the Management of Uterine Vascular Malformations with a Focus on Enhanced Myometrial Vascularity – A Review of Diagnosis and Treatment with the Suggested Algorithm. Gynecol. Minim. Invasive Ther. 2024; 13 (4): 209–214. https://doi.org/10.4103/gmit.gmit_29_24</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shahulhameed M.S. Chern B.S.M., Wright A.M. Role of Hysteroscopy in the Management of Uterine Vascular Malformations with a Focus on Enhanced Myometrial Vascularity – A Review of Diagnosis and Treatment with the Suggested Algorithm. Gynecol. Minim. Invasive Ther. 2024; 13 (4): 209–214. https://doi.org/10.4103/gmit.gmit_29_24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grewal K., Al-Memar M., Fourie H. et al. Natural history of pregnancy-related enhanced myometrial vascularity following miscarriage. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2020; 55 (5): 676–682. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.21872</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grewal K., Al-Memar M., Fourie H. et al. Natural history of pregnancy-related enhanced myometrial vascularity following miscarriage. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2020; 55 (5): 676–682. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.21872</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groszmann Y.S., Healy Murphy A.L., Benacerraf B.R. Diagnosis and management of patients with enhanced myometrial vascularity associated with retained products of conception. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2018; 52 (3): 396–399. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.18954</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groszmann Y.S., Healy Murphy A.L., Benacerraf B.R. Diagnosis and management of patients with enhanced myometrial vascularity associated with retained products of conception. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2018; 52 (3): 396–399. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.18954</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Rourke-Suchoff D., Benitez S., Higgins M.C.C.S., Stier E.A. Diagnosis and treatment of women with radiologic findings suspicious for uterine arteriovenous malformations. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2021; 41 (5): 769–773. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2020.1798905</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Rourke-Suchoff D., Benitez S., Higgins M.C.C.S., Stier E.A. Diagnosis and treatment of women with radiologic findings suspicious for uterine arteriovenous malformations. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2021; 41 (5): 769–773. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2020.1798905</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen J., Huang D., Yang J., Zhang S. Resection of uterine arteriovenous fistula with temporary occlusion of the internal iliac arteries: Case series and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024; 103 (35): e39442. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000039442</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen J., Huang D., Yang J., Zhang S. Resection of uterine arteriovenous fistula with temporary occlusion of the internal iliac arteries: Case series and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024; 103 (35): e39442. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000039442</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeerakornpassawat D., Tantipalakorn C., Sirilert S., Tongsong T. Sonographic Features of Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Series. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024; 14 (9): 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14090873</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeerakornpassawat D., Tantipalakorn C., Sirilert S., Tongsong T. Sonographic Features of Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Series. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024; 14 (9): 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14090873</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruiz Labarta F.J., Pintado Recarte M.P., González Leyte M. et al. Uterine Artery Embolization of Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: A Systematic Review of Success Rate, Complications, and Posterior Pregnancy Outcomes. J. Pers. Med. 2022; 12 (7): 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12071098</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruiz Labarta F.J., Pintado Recarte M.P., González Leyte M. et al. Uterine Artery Embolization of Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: A Systematic Review of Success Rate, Complications, and Posterior Pregnancy Outcomes. J. Pers. Med. 2022; 12 (7): 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12071098</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Brien P., Neyastani A., Buckley A.R. et al. Uterine arteriovenous malformations: from diagnosis to treatment. J. Ultrasound Med. 2006; 25 (11): 1387–1392; quiz. 1394–1395. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2006.25.11.1387</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Brien P., Neyastani A., Buckley A.R. et al. Uterine arteriovenous malformations: from diagnosis to treatment. J. Ultrasound Med. 2006; 25 (11): 1387–1392; quiz. 1394–1395. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2006.25.11.1387</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Müngen E. Vascular abnormalities of the uterus: have we recently over-diagnosed them? Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2003; 21 (6): 529–531. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.163</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Müngen E. Vascular abnormalities of the uterus: have we recently over-diagnosed them? Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2003; 21 (6): 529–531. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.163</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masood L., Rana A.I., Khan Z.A. et al. Imaging spectrum of acquired uterine vascular abnormalities with angiographies correlates, a pictorial review. Egypt J. Radiol. Nucl. Med. 2022; 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43055-021- 00683-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masood L., Rana A.I., Khan Z.A. et al. Imaging spectrum of acquired uterine vascular abnormalities with angiographies correlates, a pictorial review. Egypt J. Radiol. Nucl. Med. 2022; 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43055-021- 00683-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahoo B., Jena S.K., Mishra S.K. et al. Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation With Raised Serum Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β-hCG) Levels: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma. Cureus. 2024; 16 (7): e64209. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64209</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahoo B., Jena S.K., Mishra S.K. et al. Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation With Raised Serum Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β-hCG) Levels: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma. Cureus. 2024; 16 (7): e64209. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64209</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timor-Tritsch I.E., McDermott W.M., Monteagudo A. et al. Extreme enhanced myometrial vascularity following cesarean scar pregnancy: a new diagnostic entity. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022; 35 (25): 5846–5857. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2021.1897564</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timor-Tritsch I.E., McDermott W.M., Monteagudo A. et al. Extreme enhanced myometrial vascularity following cesarean scar pregnancy: a new diagnostic entity. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022; 35 (25): 5846–5857. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2021.1897564</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timmerman D., Wauters J., Van Calenbergh S. et al. Color Doppler imaging is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of uterine vascular malformations. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2003; 21 (6): 570–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.159</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timmerman D., Wauters J., Van Calenbergh S. et al. Color Doppler imaging is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of uterine vascular malformations. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2003; 21 (6): 570–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.159</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Q., Peng P., Chen W.L. et al. Analysis of clinical characteristics of pregnancy-related uterine arteriovenous malformation. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2025; 60 (5): 348–354. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20241106-00592 (In Chinese)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Q., Peng P., Chen W.L. et al. Analysis of clinical characteristics of pregnancy-related uterine arteriovenous malformation. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2025; 60 (5): 348–354. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20241106-00592 (In Chinese)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salmeri N., Papale M., Montresor C. et al. Uterine arteriovenous malformation (UAVM) as a rare cause of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH): a literature review. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2022; 306 (6): 1873–1884. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-022-06498-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salmeri N., Papale M., Montresor C. et al. Uterine arteriovenous malformation (UAVM) as a rare cause of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH): a literature review. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2022; 306 (6): 1873–1884. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-022-06498-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishina M., Hasegawa J., Nakamura M. et al. Sonohysterography is a useful diagnostic approach for uterine arteriovenous malformation. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2014; 40: 1811–1813. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.12390</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishina M., Hasegawa J., Nakamura M. et al. Sonohysterography is a useful diagnostic approach for uterine arteriovenous malformation. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2014; 40: 1811–1813. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.12390</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosen A., Chan W.V., Matelski J. et al. Medical treatment of uterine arteriovenous malformation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil. Steril. 2021; 116 (4): 1107–1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.05.095</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosen A., Chan W.V., Matelski J. et al. Medical treatment of uterine arteriovenous malformation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil. Steril. 2021; 116 (4): 1107–1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.05.095</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li F., Tao H., Chen J. et al. Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for uterine arteriovenous fistula: a case series. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2024; 41 (1): 2325478. https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2024.2325478</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li F., Tao H., Chen J. et al. Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for uterine arteriovenous fistula: a case series. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2024; 41 (1): 2325478. https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2024.2325478</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu L., Chen H., Xiao Y. et al. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation Combined With Hysteroscopy for the Treatment of Uterine Arteriovenous Fistula Associated With Retained Products of Conception: A Prospective Cohort Study. J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol. 2025; 32 (1): 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2024.09.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu L., Chen H., Xiao Y. et al. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation Combined With Hysteroscopy for the Treatment of Uterine Arteriovenous Fistula Associated With Retained Products of Conception: A Prospective Cohort Study. J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol. 2025; 32 (1): 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2024.09.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu Y., Lei Z., Gong L., Wang X. New prospects for high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation in the treatment of uterine arteriovenous fistula associated with retained products of conception: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025; 104 (27): e43211. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000043211</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu Y., Lei Z., Gong L., Wang X. New prospects for high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation in the treatment of uterine arteriovenous fistula associated with retained products of conception: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025; 104 (27): e43211. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000043211</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Memtsa M., Jamil A., Sebire N. et al. Diagnosis and management of intramural ectopic pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2013; 42 (3): 359–362. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.12437</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Memtsa M., Jamil A., Sebire N. et al. Diagnosis and management of intramural ectopic pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2013; 42 (3): 359–362. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.12437</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
