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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">usfd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasound &amp; Functional Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0771-283</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">usfd-283</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Ультразвуковая диагностика в акушерстве и гинекологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности ультразвукового изображения эндометриом яичников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasound features of ovarian endometriomas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4667-6298</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисова Елена Анатольевна – канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры оперативной гинекологии Института последипломного образования ФГБОУ ВО “Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого” Минздрава России; врач ультразвуковой диагностики ООО “МедикоПрофи” – “Лечебно-диагностическая клиника Борисовых”, Красноярск<ext-link xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4667-6298" ext-link-type="uri">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4667-6298</ext-link>E-mail: borisova2209@rambler.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Borisova – M.D., Cand. of Sci. (Med.), assistant of the Department of operative gynecology of the Institute of postgraduate education of the Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; LLC “MedikoProfi” – “Borisov Diagnostic and Treatment Clinic”, ultrasound diagnostics doctor, Krasnoyarsk.<ext-link xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4667-6298" ext-link-type="uri">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4667-6298</ext-link>E-mail: borisova2209@rambler.ru </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borisova2209@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-768X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буланов</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulanov</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буланов Михаил Николаевич – доктор мед. наук, заведующий отделением ультразвуковой диагностики ГБУЗ ВО “Областная клиническая больница”, Владимир; профессор кафедры внутренних болезней Института медицинского образования ФГБОУ ВО “Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого”, Великий Новгород.Главный внештатный специалист по ультразвуковой диагностике Минздрава Владимирской области.  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-768X </p><p> </p><p>SPIN-код: 5658-6611 ORCID: 0000-0001-8295-768X</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail N. Bulanov – M.D., Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Head of Ultrasound Diagnostics Department, Regional Clinical Hospital, Vladimir; Professor, Division of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Education, Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Veliky Novgorod. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-768X</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctorbulanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-8103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаренко</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarenko</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаренко Татьяна Александровна – доктор мед. наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой оперативной гинекологии Института последипломного образования ФГБОУ ВО “Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого” Минздрава России, Красноярск. <ext-link xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-8103" ext-link-type="uri">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-8103</ext-link> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Makarenko – M.D., Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of operative gynecology of the Institute of postgraduate education of the Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk. <ext-link xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-8103" ext-link-type="uri">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-8103</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makarenko7777@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5354-6021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ульянова</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulyanova</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ульянова Инга Олеговна – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры оперативной гинекологии института последипломного образования ФГБОУ ВО “Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого” Минздрава России, Красноярск.<ext-link xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5354-6021" ext-link-type="uri">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5354-6021</ext-link>E-mail: Inga_Ulyanova@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inga O. Ulyanova – M.D., Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Operative Gynecology, Institute of Postgraduate Education, of the Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk.http://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-5354-6021E-mail: Inga_Ulyanova@mail.ru </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Inga_Ulyanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-5203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галкина Дарья Евгеньевна – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры оперативной гинекологии института последипломного образования ФГБОУ ВО “Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого” Минздрава России, Красноярск.<ext-link xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-5203" ext-link-type="uri">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-5203</ext-link>E-mail: dashsemch@mail.ru </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya E. Galkina – M.D., Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Operative Gynecology, Institute of Postgraduate Education, of the Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk.<ext-link xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-5203" ext-link-type="uri">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-5203</ext-link>Email: dashsemch@mail.ru </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dashsemch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО “Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого” Минздрава России; ООО “МедикоПрофи” – “Лечебно-диагностическая клиника Борисовых”</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; Limited Liability Company “MedikoProfi” – “Borisov Diagnostic and Treatment Clinic”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Владимирской области “Областная клиническая больница”; ФГБОУ ВПО “Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого”</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vladimir Regional Clinical Hospital; Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО “Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого” Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Борисова Е.А., Буланов М.Н., Макаренко Т.А., Ульянова И.О., Галкина Д.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Борисова Е.А., Буланов М.Н., Макаренко Т.А., Ульянова И.О., Галкина Д.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borisova E.A., Bulanov M.N., Makarenko T.A., Ulyanova I.O., Galkina D.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://usfd.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/283">https://usfd.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/283</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: детальная оценка особенностей ультразвукового изображения эндометриом (эндометриоидных кист) яичников в пре- и постменопаузе.  </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обследовано 155 пациенток (150 в пременопаузе и 5 в постменопаузе) с морфологически подтвержденными эндометриоидными кистами. Всего у 155 пациенток было обнаружено 259 эндометриом в пременопаузе и 6 эндометриом в постменопаузе. Образования в проекции придатков матки описывались с учетом рекомендаций Международной группы экспертов по анализу опухолей яичников (IOTA). Проспективная стратификация риска малигнизации эндометриом проводилась с использованием ультразвуковой классификации O-RADS v2022. Статистическая обработка материала производилась с использованием стандартных статистических методов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При эндометриозе яичников в пременопаузе более чем в 15% пораженных яичников находилось по две эндометриомы и более, а у каждой третьей пациентки в процесс были вовлечены оба яичника. Для большинства эндометриом в пременопаузе оказались характерны следующие ультразвуковые признаки: однокамерное образование с ровными внутренними контурами, содержащее гипоэхогенную взвесь типа “матовое стекло” ± точечные эхогенные фокусы в стенке ± солидный/папиллярный компонент без васкуляризации.</p><p>Примерно в каждой десятой эндометриоме в пременопаузе может определяться не “матовое стекло”, а другие типы внутреннего содержимого (анэхогенное, редкая эхогенная взвесь, уровень жидкость–жидкость, смешанная эхогенность). В большинстве эндометриом в постменопаузе очень часто встречаются смешанная эхогенность, солидные компоненты с васкуляризаций, перегородки с васкуляризацией, а также неровный внутренний контур.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Большинство эндометриом в пременопаузе имеют типичные признаки, позволяющие уверенно их диагностировать при ультразвуковом исследовании. Однако эндометриомы в постменопаузе, как правило, не имеют типичных признаков, и их дифференцирование со злокачественными новообразованиями может быть очень затруднено. Таким образом, ультразвуковое заключение о наличии эндометриомы в постменопаузе нецелесообразно. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study was a detailed evaluation of the ultrasound features of the ovarian endometriomas (endometrioid cysts) in pre- and postmenopause.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. 155 patients (150 premenopausal and 5 postmenopausal) with morphologically proven endometrioid cysts were examined. A total of 259 endometriomas in premenopause and 6 endometriomas in postmenopause were found in 155 patients. Lesions described in accordance with the recommendations of the IOTA group. Prospective risk stratification of endometrioma malignancy was performed using the O-RADS v2022 ultrasound classification. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using standard statistical methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In more than 15% of cases of ovarian endometriosis in premenopause, two or more endometriomas can be found in the involved ovary, and in every third patient, both ovaries are involved in the process. The following ultrasound signs characterized the majority of endometriomas in premenopause: a unilocular lesion with smooth internal contours with "ground glass” internal contents ± dotted echogenic foci in the wall ± solid/papillary avascular component. In approximately every tenth premenopausal endometrioma, other types of internal contents may be determined rather than “ground glass” (anechoic, rare echogenic suspension, liquid-liquid level, mixed echogenicity). In most postmenopausal endometriomas, mixed echogenicity, solid components with vascularization, septations with vascularization, and an irregular internal contour are very common.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: Most endometriomas in premenopausal women have typical signs that allow them to be confidently diagnosed by ultrasound. However, it can be exceedingly challenging to distinguish postmenopausal endometriomas from malignant lesions since they commonly lack the typical signs. Thus, an ultrasound conclusion of the presence of endometrioma in postmenopausal women is inappropriate.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ультразвуковая диагностика</kwd><kwd>эндометриоидная киста яичника</kwd><kwd>эндометриома яичника</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ultrasound</kwd><kwd>endometrioid ovarian cyst</kwd><kwd>ovarian endometrioma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kratochwil A., Altmann G., Wollmann G. Ultraschalldiagnostik von Adnextumoren [Ultrasonic diagnosis of ovarian tumours (author's transl)]. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 1978; 90 (15): 569–575. PMID: 676317 (In German)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kratochwil A., Altmann G., Wollmann G. Ultraschalldiagnostik von Adnextumoren [Ultrasonic diagnosis of ovarian tumours (author's transl)]. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 1978; 90 (15): 569–575. 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